![]() ![]() They are new domains of human activity created by, and uniquely accessible through, sophisticated technology. Both are entirely technological domains that only exist due to advanced technology. ![]() Space and cyberspace have many similarities. In the military domain, cyberspace is heavily reliant on the physical infrastructure of space-based systems, and is therefore subject to some of the same threats. Cyberspace is still based in the physical world, in the data processing and communications systems that make it possible. The argument can also be made that cyberspace, in part, exists and rests upon space-based systems. One can make the case that that space systems are now a part of cyberspace, and thus that space doctrine in the future will be heavily dependent upon cyber doctrine. In the last decade, there has been a seamless integration of the internet into space systems, and communications satellites are increasingly internet-based. For the same reasons that space came to occupy the military high-ground-information gathering, navigation, communication-cyberspace is now taking center stage.įrom a terrestrial point of view, space-based systems operate in a distant realm, but from a cyber point of view, space systems are no different than terrestrial ones. In the 1980’s, the rise of information and communications technology enabled the creation of the internet and what we’ve come to call cyberspace, a loosely-defined term that encompasses the global patchwork collection of civilian, government and military computer systems and networks. Space-based systems, for the first time, broke the link between a nation’s physical territory and its global ability to gather information, communicate, navigate, and project power. From the moment Sputnik was launched in 1957, and everyone’s head turned skyward, space has occupied the military high-ground, defining much of the next fifty years of global geopolitics. Both space and cyberspace systems are critical in enabling modern warfare-for strike precision, navigation, communication, information gathering-and it therefore makes sense to speak of a new, combined space-cyberspace military high-ground. CYBERSPACE AND OUTER space are merging to become the primary battlefield for global power in the 21 st century. ![]()
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